COURSE OF CONTENT

Course Outline

Week 1-2: Computer basics

• Computer overview
• History of Computers
• Types of  Computers
• Hardware parts of computer (inputs,outputs,processing,and storage)
• Software parts of computer (System and applicaiton software)
• Computer impact and application

Installing Office package (office 2003 or 2007,etc)

Office is one of the most popular productivity programs around. If you have your product key, you don't even need a disc to start installing Office. The process for installing Office has gotten simpler over the years. To install Office 365 or Office 2013, you just need to download the files. If you're installing Office 2010, you can use the DVD or download an installer. Office is also available for mobile devices. If you're having difficulty installing, there are some troubleshooting steps you can try.

Installing Windows Operating System (Windows Xp or 2007)

The steps to install Windows 7 operating system are as follows:

1. Start your computer. Press f2 or delete at start up to enter the bios menu. Select First boot device as ‘CD ROM’ if you installing from DVD ROM. Second boot device as ‘Hard Disk’ so that the computer boots from Hard disk if OS is not in DVD ROM. Press f10 to save your settings and select yes to restart your computer.
2. Insert the installation disc for Windows 7 and start your computer. The computer will ask you to ‘Press any key to boot from CD/DVD’. Press any key on your keyboard and it will start loading the operating system from the CD.  
3. After loading windows 7 successfully, it opens an install window. Enter the Language time & currency format and keyboard or input method. Click ‘Next’. The ‘Install windows 7’ screen will appear.
4. Click ‘Install now’. Setup will start and you will see a message on the screen ‘Set up is starting…’
5. Now it will show the License agreement screen. Check the ‘I accept the License terms’ and click ‘Next’. The ‘Install windows’ wizard will appear.
6. Select Custom (Advanced) option. The screen will prompt you to select the location to install windows. Click drive option (Advanced menu). Click on ‘New’, you are then asked to allot a size on the disk for installation. Enter the appropriate volume size and then click ‘Apply’ to create partitions for the installation, click ‘Next’. Windows will start the installation. Now the installation status screen appears. You will have to wait for the following tasks to get complete.
1. Copying Windows
2. Expanding Windows files
3. Installing features
4. Installing updates
5. Completing Installation
6. The computer will restart several times during this process so do not worry.
7. After successful installation of Windows 7 it will ask you to specify the ‘computer name’. It will also ask you enter a ‘User account’ and ‘Password’. Enter the password in the respective field and also the password hint, click ‘Next’.

 example of windows 7

 

example of windows xp

 

 

COMPUTER IMPACT AND APPLICATION

 Positive impacts
 Negative impacts
  Application of computers

Positive impacts

1. Positive effects on learning :-

Internet contains online dictionaries, encyclopedias, a wide variety of games and software's, education. Many online videos teach skills such as learning a language.

    Social Behavior:-

                Computers offer many opportunities to meet new people. There are many social networking sites that let people connect with others people can communicate in a variety of ways, date people and reconnect with old friends and classmates. The internet can help people find others with common interests, form bonds with strangers and expand their social network.

  Personal Life:-                                  

·         Genealogy                                                                                                                  

·         Reconnecting with friends

·         Easier/Faster communication

·         Catalog pictures

·         Games

·         Access to information                               

NEGATIVE IMPACTS:

Physical Health:-

— Short Term eye problems:  Burning, itching & tearing.

— Eyestrain & eye soreness especially for the video display users. 

Applications of Computer

— Desktop Publishing

— Marketing

— Project Management

— Medicine and Healthcare

NETWORK

A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to each other to share information and resources.

• Characteristics of a computer network
• Share Resources from one computer to another
• Create files and store them in one computer, access those files from the other computer(s) connected over the network 
• Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax machine to one computer within the network and let other computers of the network use the machines available over network.

TYPES OF NETWORK

Local Area Network
A computer network spanned inside a building and operated under single administrative system is generally termed as Local Area Network (LAN).

Metropolitan Area Network

The Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) generally expands throughout a city such as cable TV network.

Wide Area Network

As the name suggests,the Wide Area Network (WAN) covers a wide area which may span across provinces and even a whole country

MICROSOFT EXCEL 2007

Introduction to Microsoft Excel 2007

Microsoft Excel is a very powerful tool for you to use for numeric computations and analysis.

Excel can also function as a simple database but that is another class. Today we will look at

How to get starting with Excel and show you around the neighborhood sort of speak. I hope to

See you in one of the intermediate classes later on.

excel environment
 

Working with workbook and worksheet

Information in Excel is stored in a Workbook. The first new workbook opened in a session is called Book1. A workbook is a collection of individual Worksheets. Each worksheet has a name that appears in a Worksheet Tab at the bottom of the workbook window. By default, these names appear as Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3, etc. You can change the default names, if desired

Entering data (text,Number) 

You have several options when you want to enter data manually in Excel. You can enter data in one cell, in several cells at the same time, or on more than one worksheet at once. The data that you enter can be numbers, text, dates, or times. You can format the data in a variety of ways. And, there are several settings that you can adjust to make data entry easier for you. 

WORD PROCESSING

Introduction to Microsoft Word

Microsoft Word is the word processing component of the Microsoft Office Suite. It is used

Primarily to enter, edit, format, save, retrieve and print documents

SURFING THE INTERNET

Surfing the Internet' is not to be confused with the phrase 'browsing the Internet' which refers to exploring the web with a clear-cut objective but without any planned search strategies. Searching the web refers to exploring the Internet with a definite in both strategy and objective.
Surfing the Internet has been likened to the ironic term 'channel surfing', which is used to describe randomly changing TV channels. Its only relation to actual surfboarding has to do with the notion of 'going with flow' when surfing.
Click here to leran more about surfing the Internet

INTERNET SERVICE

World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (known as "WWW', "Web" or "W3") is the universe of network-accessible information, the embodiment of human knowledge. 



The Web has a body of software, and a set of protocols and conventions. Through the use hypertext and multimedia techniques, the web is easy for anyone to roam, browse, and contribute to. An early talk about the Web gives some more background on how the Web was originally conceived.
 
Chat
is a text-based communication that is live or in real-time. For example, when talking to someone in chat any typed text is received by other participants immediately. This is different from other text-based communications such as e-mail where it could be a couple of hours, days, or weeks to receive a response.

EXAMPLE

INTERNET ADDRESS (URL)

Stands for "Uniform Resource Locator." A URL is the address of a specific webpage or file on the Internet. For example, the URL of the TechTerms website is "http://techterms.com." The address of this page is "http://techterms.com/definition/url" and includes the following elements:

1. http:// – the URL prefix, which specifies the protocol used to access the location
2. techterms.com – the server name or IP address of the server
3. /definition/url – the path to the directory or file

While all website URLs begin with "http," several other prefixes exist. Below is a list of various URL prefixes:

• http – a webpage, website directory, or other file available over HTTP
• ftp – a file or directory of files available to download from an FTP server
• news – a discussion located within a specific newsgroup
• telnet – a Unix-based computer system that supports remote client connections
• gopher – a document or menu located on a gopher server
• wais - a document or search results from a WAIS database
• mailto - an email address (often used to redirect browsers to an email client)
• file - a file located on a local storage device (though not technically a URL because it does not refer to an Internet-based location)

You can manually enter a URL by typing it in the address bar of your web browser. For example, you might enter a website URL printed on a business card to visit the company's website. Most URLs, however appear automatically when you click on a link or open a bookmark. If the server name in the URL is not valid, your browser may display a "Server not found" error. If the path in the URL is incorrect, the server may respond with a 404 error.

HOME PAGE

A home page is a webpage that serves as the starting point of website. It is the default webpage that loads when you visit a web address that only contains a domain name. For example, visiting http://techterms.com will display the Tech Terms home page.

The home page is located in the root directory of a website. Most web server allow the home page to have one of several different filenames. Examples include index.html, index.htm, index.shtml, index.php, default.html, and home.html. The default filename of a website's home page can be customized on both Apache and IIS servers. Since the home page file is loaded automatically from the root directory, the home page URL does not need need to include the filename.

There is no standard home page layout, but most home pages include a navigation bar that provides links to different sections within the website. Other common elements found on a home page include a search bar, information about the website, and recent news or updates. Some websites include information that changes every day. For example, the Tech Terms home page includes a daily quiz and tech term of the day.

INTERNET EXPLORER / MOZILA FIREFOX

Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer and Windows Internet Explorer commonly abbreviated IE or MSIE) is a discontinued series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting in 1995. It was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95 that year. Later versions were available as free downloads, or in service packs, and included in the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) service releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows.

example


Firefox
Firefox is the highly popular free web browser that more than 500 million people worldwide are using to surf and interact with the Internet. 
Firefox is available for Linux, Mac, Windows, handheld devices, and in more than 70 different languages.

firefox environment

WEB BROWSER

is an application software that allows us to view and explore information on the web. User can request for any web page by just entering a URL into address bar.

Web browser can show text, audio, video, animation and more. It is the responsibility of a web browser to interpret text and commands contained in the web page.

Earlier the web browsers were text-based while now a days graphical-based or voice-based web browsers are also available. Following are the most common web browser available today:

EXAMPLE OF WEB BROWSER

BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET

Introduction

The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure.

Click here to learn more history of internet

BASIC LINUX OPERATION

Linux is one of popular version of UNIX operating System. It is open source as its source code is freely available. It is free to use. Linux was designed considering UNIX compatibility. Its functionality list is quite similar to that of UNIX.

Components of Linux System

Linux Operating System has primarily three components

• Kernel − Kernel is the core part of Linux. It is responsible for all major activities of this operating system. It consists of various modules and it interacts directly with the underlying hardware. Kernel provides the required abstraction to hide low level hardware details to system or application programs.
• System Library − System libraries are special functions or programs using which application programs or system utilities accesses Kernel's features. These libraries implement most of the functionalities of the operating system and do not requires kernel module's code access rights.
• System Utility − System Utility programs are responsible to do specialized, individual level tasks.

Click here to learn more about Linux

MICROSOFT WINDOWS ENVIRONMENT

The Windows environment is the onscreen work area provided by Windows, analogous to a physical desktop, and the operating system's core extension points. Learn how to leverage the desktop, taskbar, notification area, control panels, help, and user account control for your app.

EXAMPLE OF WINDWOS ENVIRONMENT


Click here to learn more about microsoft windows environment

VIRTUALIZATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating system virtualization refers to the use of software to allow system hardware to run multiple instances of different operating systems concurrently, allowing you to run different applications requiring different operating systems on one computer system. The operating systems do not interfere with each other or the various applications. Not to be confused with operating system-level virtualization, which is a type of server virtualization.

 VIRTUALIZATION OPERATION ENVIRONMENT


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DOS OPERATION

Microsoft Disk Operating System, MS-DOS is a non-graphical command line operating system derived from 86-DOS that was created for IBM compatible computers. MS-DOS originally written by Tim Paterson and introduced by Microsoft in August 1981 and was last updated in 1994 when MS-DOS 6.22 was released. MS-DOS allows the user to navigate, open, and otherwise manipulate files on their computer from a command line instead of a GUI like Windows.

 DOS ENVIRONMENT

Click here to learn more basic command of dos

FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM

There are Many Functions those are Performed by the Operating System But the Main Goal of Operating System is to Provide the Interface between the user and the hardware Means Provides the Interface for Working on the System by the user. The various Functions those are Performed by the Operating System are as Explained below...Click here to learn more function of operating system

COMPILER, INTERPRETER, LINKER, LOADER

Compiler: It is a program which translates a high level language program into a machine language program. A compiler is more intelligent than an assembler. It checks all kinds of limits, ranges, errors etc. But its program run time is more and occupies a larger part of the memory. It has slow speed. Because a compiler goes through the entire program and then translates the entire program into machine codes.

Interpreter: An interpreter is a program which translates statements of a program into machine code. It translates only one statement of the program at a time. It reads only one statement of program, translates it and executes it. Then it reads the next statement of the program again translates it and executes it. In this way it proceeds further till all the statements are translated and executed. On the other hand, a compiler goes through the entire program and then translates the entire program into machine codes. A compiler is 5 to 25 times faster than an interpreter.

UTILITY SOFTWARE

Utility Programs

Programs used to merge and sort sets of data, keep track of computer jobs being run, compress files of data before they are stored or transmitted over a network, check for viruses, and perform other important tasks.
Click here to learn utility Soft ware

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

Operating systems are there from the very first computer generation and they keep evolving with time. In this chapter, we will discuss some of the important types of operating systems which are most commonly used.

Batch operating system

The users of a batch operating system do not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator. To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group. The programmers leave their programs with the operator and the operator then sorts the programs with similar requirements into batches.

The problems with Batch Systems are as follows −

• Lack of interaction between the user and the job.
• CPU is often idle, because the speed of the mechanical I/O devices is slower than the CPU.
• Difficult to provide the desired priority.

OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPT

An Operating System $OS$ is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
Some popular Operating Systems include Linux, Windows, OS X, VMS, OS/400, AIX, z/OS, etc.

Definition

An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs.

SOFTWARE PART OF COMPUTER

Software - A lot of instructions, stored digitally within the computer's memory, which tells the computer system what to do.
Software components of a computer system have no physical presence, they are stored in digital form within computer memory.
Software in Computer we can categorise into two parts ,the following are the parts of computers
click here to ready the Software parts of Computers

HARDWARE PARTS OF COMPUTER (input, outputs, processing, and storage)

Overview

• The flow of data in an information system requires specific hardware for each phase
• This includes hardware for input, output, processing and storage

Input Hardware

Input hardware exists in many different shapes and sizes, and are tailored specifically for particular systems. Below is a list of common input devices.

• Keyboards
• Touch screens
• Pointing devices
• Mouse
• Touchpad / trackpad
• Joystick

TYPES OF COMPUTERS

The computer sitting on the desk in your classroom is a microcomputer. It is a small, powerful piece of equipment. Even so, the power of the microcomputer is not enough for most large organizations. The computer industry consists of more than just microcomputers.

Any classification of computers is somewhat arbitrary. Computer can be classified it to following basis defined below.

·         On the basis of functionality

·         On the basis of Size, Speed and Cost.

ON THE BASIS OF FUNCTIONALITY:

According to functionality computer can be divided in to three types:

1.      Analog

2.      Digital

3.      Hybrid

 ON THE BASIS OF SIZE, SPEED AND COST:

       We can divide computers on the basis of size cost and speed as:

·         Super Computer

·         Mainframe Computer

·         Mini Computer

·         Micro Computer

HISTORY OF COMPUTER

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow a sequence of operations, called a program, make computers very flexible and useful. Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design, but also in general purpose devices .
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